Which of these conditions usually occurs in preterm infants and requires immediate administration of surfactant through an endotracheal tube at the time of birth?
a. bronchopulmonary dysplasia c. pneumothorax
b. cystic fibrosis d. respiratory distress syndrome
D
Respiratory distress syndrome is another respiratory illness that occurs because the infant's lungs are deficient in surfactant, which reduces the surface tension of the air spaces. Clinical signs include tachypnea (70 to 120), retractions, grunting, crackles, pallor, cyanosis, slow capillary refill, hypothermia, peripheral edema, flaccid muscle tone, GI shutdown, jaundice, and acidosis. Administration of surfactant through the endotracheal tube and continuous positive airway pressure are used to treat this syndrome.
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