Describe the characteristics of the Disease model, Drive theory of addiction, opponent-process theory or addiction, and incentive salience model of addiction.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Disease—Drug addiction fits the medical definition of a disease. Drive theory—Drugs elicit powerful positive reinforcing effects that drive individuals to seek and use drugs. Opponent-process theory—Individuals seek drugs to avoid or remove withdrawal effects. Incentive salience—Stimuli associated with drug use receive salient incentive value. These stimuli then command a user’s attention and produce a motivational state for drug seeking.
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Which of the following groups is not included in the Solomon four-group design?
A. A group that receives a pretest only. B. A group that receives only a pretest then a posttest, but no treatment. C. A group that receives a pretest, treatment, and then a posttest. D. A group that receives a posttest only.
Initial research on cybertherapy indicates that it has no effect and may likely be harmful
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Each edition of the DSM has included fewer pages and diagnoses than the previous edition. B) Specific diagnostic criteria have been a characteristic of the DSM since its first edition. C) DSM-II introduced a multiaxial diagnostic system. D) DSM-5, published in May 2013, is the most recent version of the manual.
According to Festinger, the feeling of discomfort that results from the realization that our beliefs and our behaviors are discrepant is called:
a. attribution. b. balance theory. c. cognitive dissonance. d. confirmation bias.