Nine-year-old Saraya is skateboarding with her older brother when her mother comes outside and tells her to come in and help her make dinner. Saraya's brother tells his mother he would like to help with dinner, but she tells him he still has about 30 minutes to play and tells Saraya to come help her. What does this illustrate?
A. Gender-consistent behavior is socially regulated through negative reinforcement.
B. Children feel good about themselves when they behave consistently with gender role norms.
C. Girls tend to be more strongly gender socialized than boys.
D. Parents tend to give girls more flexibility of choice in their activities.
Answer: D
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Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. The statement “Everyone is always watching me” is an example of an irrational belief that might lead to social anxiety. 2. Cognitive psychologists believe that irrational beliefs and distorted thinking are the result of psychological disorders. 3. Mindfulness meditation involves constructing a hierarchy of stressful stimuli and then reflecting on each stimulus from weakest to strongest. 4. Most therapists who work with anxiety and depression use a blend of cognitive and behavioural therapeutic strategies. 5. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) assumes that all behaviours can be controlled through rational thought.
Emanuel is reading a letter from his mother. Unfortunately, she has poor handwriting and never closes the tops of her letters. Which perceptual process best explains why Emanuel is easily able to read his mother’s letters??
a. ?top-down perceptual processing b. ?bottom-up perceptual processing c. ?similarity d. ?size constancy
A researcher would like to know whether his new dog training program is effective. He tests a group of dogs before they start the program, and then again afterwards. What research design has he used?
a. one-group pretest-posttest design b. pretest-posttest control group design c. posttest only control group design d. nonequivalent control group design
Ron, the groups’ leader, did not pay his membership fee on time but he could pay it late and did not have to pay the “late fee” that other members must pay. The group did not impose a penalty because Ron has more ___ than other members.
a. diversity b. idiosyncrasy credits c. immediacy d. consolidation e. leadership recognition