A patient is receiving a blood transfusion. 15 minutes after the beginning of the transfusion the patient begins to complain of back pain and itching. The patient is suffering from which type of hypersensitivity?
A) Anaphylactic (Type 1)
B) Cytotoxic (Type II)
C) Immune Complex (Type III)
D) Delayed Type (Type IV)
Ans: B
Feedback: A Type II hypersensitivity reaction resulting in red blood cell destruction is associated with drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia, Rh-hemolytic disease of the newborn, and incompatibility reactions with blood transfusions. The most severe form of a hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis. An unanticipated severe allergic reaction that is often explosive in onset, anaphylaxis is characterized by edema in many tissues, including the larynx, and is often accompanied by hypotension, bronchospasm, and cardiovascular collapse in severe cases. Type II, or cytotoxic, hypersensitivity occurs when the system mistakenly identifies a normal constituent of the body as foreign. Immune complex (Type III) or immune complex, hypersensitivity involves immune complexes formed when antigens bind to antibodies. Type III is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, certain types of nephritis, and bacterial endocarditis. Delayed Type IV, also known as cellular hypersensitivity, occurs 24 to 72 hours after exposure to an allergen. Therefore options A, C, and D are incorrect.
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