The enzyme that harnesses the energy of H+ diffusion down its concentration gradient within a mitochondrion to make high-energy molecules for the cell is
A. pyruvate decarboxylase.
B. succinic dehydrogenase.
C. creatine phosphatase.
D. ATP phosphatase.
E. ATP synthase.
Answer: E
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In Guillain-Barre syndrome, the immune system attacks and degrades the myelin sheath of PNS axons. Predict the effect this will have on nerve impulse and motor function.
A. Motor signals will not be sent from the brain down the efferent pathway because the brain cannot generate them. B. Lost insulation from myelin will cause neurons of the PNS to be hyper-excitable and muscular spasms will result. C. The brain will slowly degrade and various brain functions will be lost, including motor functions. D. Lost insulation from myelin will cause neurons of the PNS to lose saltatory conduction, resulting in poor muscle function.
Which of the following statements concerning mitochondria is false?
A) The cristae increase the inner surface area of the organelle. B) The matrix contains metabolic enzymes involved in ATP synthesis. C) Respiratory enzymes are attached to the surface of the cristae. D) The mitochondria produce oxygen in the process of energy transformation. E) The mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP.
Venous valves play a role in counteracting the gravitational effects of upright posture by helping minimize the backflow of blood and by temporarily supporting portions of the column of blood when the skeletal muscles are relaxed
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which cells form myelin in the spinal cord?
A. Oligodendrocytes B. Satellite cells C. Microglia D. Schwann cells E. Astrocytes