According to the text, which of the following is not an example of discrimination against African-American police officers in the early 1900s?
a. only assigned to patrol black neighborhoods
b. were not allowed to arrest whites
c. establishment of job-related standards
d. chances of promotion to higher ranks were limited
c
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People v. Ferguson (1998) is a famous example of the _______________ in action
a. insanity defense b. black rage defense c. automatism defense d. Early Arab trauma defense
Which of the following is FALSE about a probability sample?
A) The probability of selection is known for all elements B) The sampling frame must be fully identified C) Chance determines the selection of elements D) Elements are chosen haphazardly
Which of the following institutions lacks founding documents or international agreements and functions solely on voluntary cooperation between 188 members?
a. UN Interregional Criminal Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) b. UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) c. INTERPOL d. European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control (HEUNI)
Voluntary and knowing searches require neither a warrant nor _________ _________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word