Explain and give an example of proximal and distal influences on the trend for American children to be overweight or obese.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. Distal influences are outside the immediate environment of the child. Examples include the tendency for fast-food restaurants to offer high-fat and high-sugar foods in large portions for an economical price and to give free refills of sodas.
2. Proximal influences are in the immediate environment of the individual. One family going to the restaurant may read the menu and choose lower-fat and lower-sugar items. In this family, the proximal influences overrode the distal influences of the type of menu.
3. Another family going to the restaurant might give in to their children's desire for higher-fat and higher-sugar content, and so the proximal influence tends to reinforce the distal influence of menu type.
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