In the process of shaping, behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response. These behaviors are called __________.
A. primary reinforcers
B. successive approximations
C. secondary reinforcers
D. unconditioned stimuli
Answer: B
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Norma, age 91, lives independently, has no major illnesses, and is able to take daily walks to the local grocery store. Which category best describes Norma's functional age?
A. oldest old B. old old C. young old D. geriatric
According to Freud, the id operates on:
a. the pleasure principle b. the idealistic principle c. the reality principle d. the sublimation principle
Which of the following is important to remember when considering that genes are a major influence on behaviors, disease, and disorders?
"Genes are not destiny." "Heritability outweighs environmental influences." "Our genes are our behaviors." "I am destined to live and die by my genotype."
Currently, the major brain imaging techniques do NOT include ______.
a. magnetoencephalography (MEG) b. positron emission tomography (PET) c. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) d. encephalectomy (EPA)