Concerning central nervous system injuries to the infant during labor and birth, nurses should be aware that:
1. intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) as a result of birth trauma is more likely to occur in the preterm low-birth-weight infant.
2. subarachnoid hemorrhage (the most common form of ICH) occurs in term infants as a result of hypoxia.
3. in many infants, signs of hemorrhage in the full-term infant are absent and diag-nosed only through laboratory tests.
4. spinal cord injuries almost always result from forceps-assisted deliveries.
3
1. Incorrect. ICH as a result of birth trauma is more likely to occur in the full-term, large infant.
2. Incorrect. Subarachnoid hemorrhage in term infants is a result of trauma; in preterms, a result of hypoxia.
3. Correct. Abnormalities in lumbar punctures, red blood cell counts, for instance, or visuals on CT scan might reveal a hemorrhage.
4. Incorrect. Spinal cord injuries are almost always from breech births; they are rare today because cesarean birth is often used for breech presentation.
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