The nurse is explaining to student nurses the different heart sounds that are assessed during the cardiac assessment. Which statement made by a student indicates understanding of the expected normal heart sounds?
1. "If I hear the S1 as lub and S2 as dub, then that is normal and means that the valves are working."
2. " If I hear a ‘lub-dub-ee' it means the client has a ventricular gallop."
3. "If I hear ‘dee-lub-dub' then the client may have an atrial gallop. This occurs near the very end of diastole just before S1 and creates the sound."
4. "If I hear the ‘dee-lub-dub' sound in an older adult, then I should know that is considered normal for the older client."
1
Rationale 1: When the AV valves close the S1 occurs and is the "lub," and when the semilunar valve closes the S2 occurs as the "dub"; this indicates normal heart sounds.
Rationale 2: This is considered a ventricular gallop and occurs early in diastole right after S2; this often disappears when the client sits up.
Rationale 3: This is correct for determining an atrial gallop, which is the S4 sound.
Rationale 4: This is the definition of the dee-lub-dub that in older adults can mean heart failure and hypertension.
Global Rationale: When the AV valves close the S1 occurs and is the "lub," and when the semilunar valve closes the S2 occurs as the "dub"; this indicates normal heart sounds. Lub-dub-ee indicates a ventricular gallop. Dee-lub-dub indicates an atrial gallop. Dee-lub-dub can indicate heart failure and hypertension.
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