Which of the following explanations for the failure of neighbors to come to Kitty Genovese's aid best reflects the idea of diffusion of responsibility?
a. The cost of intervening was too high, so neighbors didn't help.
b. The neighbors did not interpret her cries as an emergency, so they didn't intervene.
c. Urban dwellers are especially callous when it comes to giving aid.
d. There were so many witnesses that no single person felt responsible to intervene.
Answer: D
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