Disinfection of beverages, such as apple juice, milk, and wine, is optimally achieved by
A. moist heat autoclave.
B. chlorination.
C. filtration.
D. boiling water.
E. pasteurization.
Answer: E
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Transmission of P. shigelloides to humans is by:
a. exposure of disrupted skin and mucosal surfaces to contaminated animal hides. b. ingestion of contaminated seafood or wa-ter. c. inhalation of contaminated air. d. close contact with carriers of the organism.
Staphylococcus aureus toxin is
A. heat-stable. B. an exotoxin. C. an endotoxin. D. heat-sensitive. E. heat-stable AND an exotoxin.
Many species of terns nest on the ground in seabird colonies. However, if nests are too close together, aggression will
break out. This tends to produce a(n) ____.
a. near-uniform population distribution b. opportunity for predation c. clumped population distribution d. opportunity for exponential growth e. random population distribution
Which of the following is an adult organism that has fewer than 1,000 cells?
A) chickens, Gallus domesticus B) African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis C) fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster D) nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans