Explain the patterns seen in Jupiter's atmosphere
What will be an ideal response?
Jupiter's atmosphere is a very thin layer of turbulent gas above a liquid interior, separated by various bands and zones with circulating storms. The clouds form dark belts and light zones that circle the planets like the stripes on a child's ball. This form of atmospheric structure is called belt–zone circulation. The belts are dark bands of clouds while the zones are bright bands of clouds. The zones are high, cold regions of ammonia ice crystals, white in color. But the lower, warmer belts are brownish from complex chemistry involving hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and other chemicals.
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A long cylinder of 0.1-m-diameter has a surface temperature of 400 K. If it is immersed in a fluid at 350 K, natural convection will occur as a result of the temperature difference. Calculate the Grashof and Rayleigh numbers that will determine the Nusselt number if the fluid is
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Air
(c) Water
(d) Oil
(e) Mercury
GIVEN
• A long cylinder immersed in fluid
• Diameter (D) = 0.1 m
• Surface temperature (Ts) = 400 K
• Fluid temperature (T?) = 350 K
FIND
The Grashof number (Gr) and the Rayleigh number (Ra) if the fluid is
(a) Nitrogen (b) Air (c) Water (d) Oil (e) Mercury
ASSUMPTIONS
• The cylinder is in a horizontal position (the characteristic length is the diameter of the cylinder)
SKETCH
PROPERTIES AND CONSTANTS
The thermal expansion coefficients for oil and mercury can be estimated from
Explain what the granulation of the solar surface is related to
What will be an ideal response?
The method of spectroscopic parallax cannot be applied to stars beyond about 100 pc
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Suppose you are standing due east of a car traveling southwest. What is the direction of the car’s angular momentum around you? Choose from the possible directions below (as seen by a person hovering over you), where A is north, C is east, and so on. If you are using the letters on the book’s back cover, you can indicate a double letter by pointing to the letter with two fingers. 
A. A B. B C. C D. D E. Upward F. Downward T. (The vector is zero)