What type of threat to validity is minimized by the use of a Solomon four-group design?
a. Mortality
b. Selection bias
c. Testing
d. Antecedent variable
ANS: C
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A Use of four groups does not control subject mortality (attrition rate).
B The Solomon four-group design will not by itself minimize selection bias. Strict selection criteria and random assignment to groups are necessary to minimize selection bias.
C Testing threats to internal validity are minimized by the Solomon four-group design.
D Because antecedent variables such as motivation to learn existed prior to the study, they should be identified and measured before the study; differences can be statistically controlled. The Solomon four-group design, however, does not control antecedent variables.
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