People encounter fungi on a daily basis, yet few healthy individuals develop fungal infections. Each of the following are mechanisms of the innate immune system that help prevent or limit fungal infections in healthy individuals EXCEPT
A. neutrophils are especially good a phagocytizing fungal cells.
B. normal microbial flora (commensals) limit fungal growth by toxin (antimicrobial) production.
C. normal microbial flora use available nutrients and colonization space on the host, which makes the host an inhospitable environment for fungal cells.
D. PAMPs such as b-glucans, mannans, and chitin are recognized by innate immune cells.
E. several species of fungi are able to block PRR binding.
E
You might also like to view...
How does the DNA in a pre-B cell differ from germline DNA?
A) The V, D, and J genes have been successfully rearranged on the chromosome coding for the heavy immunoglobulin chain. B) The V, D, and J genes have been successfully rearranged on the chromosome coding for both the heavy and light immunoglobulin chains. C) The V, D, and J genes have been successfully rearranged on the chromosome coding for the light immunoglobulin chain. D) There is no difference in the DNA of these two cells.
The prefix ________ means similar, same, likeness, or constant
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
How would a scientist make 200 mL of an 18% v/v solution of alcohol in water?
What will be an ideal response?
A cervical cap must be fitted by a trained clinician.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)