Explain why annotation is an important step in genomic sequencing projects, in the context of the percentage of the human genome composed of coding regions
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Although the human genome is large and contains over 3 billion nucleotides of DNA, only about 2% of the genome contains protein-coding sequences, and only about 1.1% of the genome is composed of exons, the nucleotides that actually specify the amino acids in a protein. Looking at a DNA sequence, it is not obvious whether or not it contains genes. If the sequence does contain one or more genes, it isn't clear where they begin and end. Once a genome sequence has been compiled, it is analyzed to find all the genes that encode proteins and RNA. This process is called annotation (the analysis of genomic nucleotide sequence data to identify the protein-coding genes, the nonprotein-coding genes, their regulatory sequences, and their functions).
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