Residents of a nursing home taking which of the following medication(s) are at risk for sleep disturbances as an adverse effect of the medication? (Select all that apply.)
a. Celecoxib (Celebrex)
b. Diltiazem (Cardizem)
c. Venlafaxine (Effexor)
d. Ipratropium (Atrovent)
e. Oxycodone (Oxycontin)
f. Guaifenesin (Robitussin)
A, B, C, D, E
Celecoxib (Celebrex), a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor; diltiazem (Cardizem), a cal-cium-channel blocker; venlafaxine (Effexor), an antidepressant; ipratropium (Atrovent), an anti-cholinergic bronchodilator; and oxycodone (Oxycontin), an opioid analgesic, can all cause in-somnia. Guaifenesin (Robitussin) is not known to cause insomnia.
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