Penicillin's antibacterial activity is based on its:
1. beta-lactam ring, which terminates construction of the cell wall.
2. alteration of bacterial DNA in the cell wall.
3. interference with cellular cytoplasm.
4. interruption of bacterial protein synthesis.
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: The beta-lactam ring in penicillin interferes with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.
Rationale 2: Penicillin's antibacterial activity does not involve alteration of bacterial DNA.
Rationale 3: Penicillin's antibacterial activity does not involve interference with cellular cytoplasm.
Rationale 4: Penicillin's antibacterial activity does not involve interrupting protein synthesis.
Global Rationale: Penicillins kill bacteria by disrupting their cell walls. The portion of the chemical structure of penicillin that is responsible for its antibacterial activity is called the beta-lactam ring. The beta-lactam ring resembles one of the chemical building blocks of peptidoglycan. When the PBP enzyme attempts to add the next "link" in the peptidoglycan chain, it binds to the beta-lactam ring, and construction of the cell wall is terminated
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