The nurse is planning care for a client with dehydration and, after assessment, sets the nursing diagnosis of risk for electrolyte imbalance
The client has abnormally low levels of serum sodium, resulting in fluid loss characterized by a proportionately greater loss of sodium than water. The nurse knows this condition to be which of the following? 1. Isotonic dehydration
2. Hypotonic dehydration
3. Hydrostatic pressure
4. Osmotic pressure
2: Hypotonic dehydration
Rationale:
Hypotonic dehydration occurs when fluid loss is characterized by a proportionately greater loss of sodium than water, causing serum sodium to fall below normal levels. Isotonic dehydration occurs when fluid loss is not balanced by intake, and the losses of water and sodium are in proportion. Hydrostatic pressure occurs when extracellular fluid volume excess occurs; the increased fluid volume in the vascular compartment congests the veins. Osmotic pressure pulls fluid into the capillaries, usually in response to the presence of albumin and other plasma proteins made by the liver.
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