_______________ theory holds that when individuals are labeled as criminals they will become stabilized in those roles, developing criminal identities that separate them from the mainstream population and exclude them from conventional roles.

a. Teen courts
b. Reintegrative shaming
c. Labeling
d. Environmental crime prevention


c. Labeling

Criminal Justice

You might also like to view...

After the conclusion of the divorce proceeding, the parties are legally free to ________.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice

At the manufacturing and importation levels, the transnational drug business is concentrated among which of the following?

a. One family only.. b. Two families only. c. A few people who head major trafficking organizations. d. A large, fluctuating, and open-ended number of dealers.

Criminal Justice

Child abuse cases often involve concurrent civil, criminal, and sometimes administrative investigations and often cross jurisdictional lines

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

Criminal Justice

Most state correctional agencies have a history of collective bargaining that goes back to the late 1800s

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

Criminal Justice