The identification of "spiral nebulae" as large groupings of stars outside of our own galaxy was proven by ____

a. photographic plates made by Edwin Hubble showing stars and Cepheid variables
b. the results of the Shapley-Curtis debate
c. Immanual Kant's "island universe" theory
d. William Parsons' observation and description of their spiral structure
e. Harlow Shapley's observations of their radio spectrum


a

Physics & Space Science

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