A friend calls and says his child is complaining of a severe headache. When the child bends her head forward she screams in pain. The parent asks you what to do. Given what you have read in this chapter, what would you suggest?
A. Have the child lie down; she'll probably be fine.
B. Call the pediatrician in the morning.
C. Get the child immediately to a physician to be evaluated for meningitis.
D. Get the child to see a neurologist without delay, as she likely has a brain tumor.
Answer: D
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Generalization testing presents the problem of order effects, that is, the order in which different stimuli are presented during the generalization test may affect the subject’s response to them. For example, a stimulus presented soon after extinction has begun may be responded to differently than if that same stimulus were presented later during extinction. To solve this problem, the Sniffy program
a. presents the generalization stimuli during reinforcement rather than during extinction. b. presents each generalization stimulus as though it were the first one to be presented after extinction began. c. alternates periods of extinction with reinforcement during generalization testing. d. gradually introduces extinction be presenting the reinforcer less and less often until reinforcement is replaced by extinction.
Generally, data for ______ are presented in line graphs.
A. ordinal variables B. categorical variables C. ratio variables D. continuous variables
A weakness of longitudinal studies is that they _______
a. take far too long to gather the appropriate data b. cannot eliminate sample biases c. cannot distinguish age differences from cohort differences d. do not distinguish significant from non-significant relationships
Which of the following is FALSE?
A. Transcendent experiences are religious or spiritual experiences that often leave people feeling they have entered a higher state of consciousness. B. Religious or transcendent experiences are relatively rare. C. The emotional consequences of religious or transcendent experiences can be extremely positive. D. It is common among people who have transcendent experiences to say that it was the most meaningful occasion of their life.