The nurse is planning care for a 50-year-old client who is in one of the high risk groups for developing osteoporosis. The intervention the nurse plans for this client includes which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Question

1. Following a diet with adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D
2. Increasing the intake of beverages containing phosphorous
3. Having a yearly bone mineral density (BMD) test
4. Including isometric exercise for at least 30 minutes three times per week
5. Weight-bearing exercises

Answer 1

1. Following a diet with adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D
5. Weight-bearing exercises

Rationale:
Clients, especially women, are encouraged to include adequate calcium and vitamin D in their diets to prevent osteoporotic fracture. A daily intake of 1,500 mg of calcium and 400 to 800 U/day of vitamin D is recommended. The primary caregiver may recommend supplementation. A BMD test is used to determine bone strength and risk for osteoporotic fracture. A BMD test is recommended for women under age 65 with risk factors, all women over 65, and after a fracture, but not yearly. BMD tests are sometimes repeated to monitor effects from medications used to treat osteoporosis. Measures to prevent or treat osteoporosis include limiting the intake of beverages containing alcohol, caffeine, and phosphorus. Regular weight-bearing exercise, such as walking, slows bone loss. Isometric exercises are not effective against osteoporosis.