Most urbanization corresponds with industrialization and growth in agricultural productivity, although neither of those factors is causing the unprecedented high rate of urbanization in Africa.What three factors make the growth of cities in Africa different from urbanization in the rest of the world

Answer 1

First and most concerning is the explosive growth of slums, resulting mainly from rural–urban migration. An estimated 62 percent of city-dwellers live in slums. Many rural peoples bring their environment with them to the cities: Grant describes the "hermaphroditic landscapes" where "rural and urban features coexist in environmental, socioeconomic, and institutional terms"
Second, in many cases Africa's reliance on resource exploitation rather than diversified economies is driving urban expansion, as in oil-rich Gabon.
Third, an unnumbered stream of migrants to cities are environmental refugees, including the leading edge of those long feared by those sounding the alarm about climate change. A threefold increase in the number of storms, droughts, and floods between 1985 and 2015 has paralleled urban growth across Africa, and a connection likely exists.
Finally, conflict and war have also driven people to the relative safety of cities.