Which statement best describes why infants are at greater risk for dehydration than older children?
a. Infants have an increased ability to concen-trate urine.
b. Infants have a greater volume of intracellular fluid.
c. Infants have a smaller body surface area.
d. Infants have an increased extracellular fluid volume.
D
The larger ratio of extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid predisposes the infant to dehydration. Because the kidneys are immature in early infancy, there is a decreased ability to concentrate the urine. Infants have a larger proportion of fluid in the extracellular space. Infants have a proportionately greater body surface area in relation to body mass, which creates the potential for greater fluid loss through the skin and gastrointestinal tract.
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