How do Plasmodium cells avoid immune clearance?
A. Antagonistic cytokines are produced by the Plasmodium cells.
B. Periodic changes in the surface antigen (VSG) of Plasmodium ensures that at least some cells will survive antibody mediate attacks.
C. Plasmodium cells show multi-drug resistance.
D. Plasmodium invades red blood cells so that immune-effector cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells cannot phagocytize Plasmodium cells.
E. TNF-? is produced in large amounts by Plasmodium, thus overwhelming the immune response and creating a cytokine storm.
D
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A. chromosomal abnormalities B. conditions of the womb C. infectious agents D. viral infections
What is a supportive treatment for a client with disseminated intravascular coagulation?
1. Transfuse fresh frozen plasma. 2. Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. 3. Start prophylactic treatment with phenytoin. 4. None of the above
Which condition is an acute viral infection that is characterized by inflammation of a spinal or cranial nerve pathway that produces painful vesicular eruptions on the skin??
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