Consider the role of hormones in plant defense to microbes. How does ethylene control the production of receptors that detect bacterial flagella?
What will be an ideal response?
Plant cells have receptors that recognize molecules specific to microbial pathogens, including flagellin, a protein component of bacterial flagella. Flagellin binding to one of these receptors triggers a burst of ethylene synthesis. When ethylene is not present, ethylene receptors block transcription of a set of genes involved in defense. When ethylene is present, it binds to its receptors and locks them in an inactive form that marks them for destruction. Thus, ethylene synthesis lifts the brakes on production of molecules used in defense. The cell starts producing more receptors that detect bacterial flagella —a positive feedback loop that sensitizes the plant to the presence of more bacteria.
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A climax community is ____
a. relatively stable b. a result of primary succession only c. a result of secondary succession only d. defined by high species diversity e. dominated by r-selected species
Which characteristic seems to be most
uniquely correlated with metastasis? a. loss of nuclear-cytoplasmic controls governing cell growth and division b. changes in adhesion proteins on membrane surfaces c. shrinkage of the cytoskeleton d. increase in blood supply to the tumor e. none of these
When individuals of two species interact, the nature of the interaction can be classified qualitatively as positive, negative, or ________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is oxygen
____________________ Indicate whether the statement is true or false.