Interpret the pedigree in the accompanying figure by describing each symbol and number. How might the information from this pedigree be used by clinicians and researchers? What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: A square symbolizes a male and a circle a female. Each generation is identified by a Roman
numeral (I, II, III, and so on), and each individual within a generation is identified by an
Arabic number (1, 2, 3, and so on according to birth order). Pedigrees are often constructed
after a family member afflicted with a genetic disorder has been identified. This individual,
known as the proband, is indicated on the pedigree by an arrow and the letter P.
A pedigree contains information that can help establish how a trait is inherited and identify
those at risk of developing or transmitting the trait; it is also a resource for establishing
biological relationships within a family. Analysis of the information in the pedigree using the
principles of Mendelian inheritance can determine whether a trait has a dominant or recessive
pattern of inheritance.
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Two pure-breeding phlox plants were crossed, one with dark-blue flowers and the other with pink flowers. The F1 generation all had dark-blue flowers. When the F1 were crossed with each other, the F2 generation consisted of 176 plants: 101 with dark-blue flowers, 33 with light-blue flowers, 30 with red flowers, and 10 with pink flowers. How is flower color controlled in phlox?
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