Every 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing, how many will be approved for marketing in the United States?
A) 1
B) 5
C) 50
D) 100
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct. According to some estimates, for every 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing, only five will continue on to clinical trials in humans, and only one will be approved for marketing in the United States.
B) Incorrect. According to some estimates, for every 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing, only five will continue on to clinical trials in humans, and only one will be approved for marketing in the United States.
C) Incorrect. According to some estimates, for every 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing, only five will continue on to clinical trials in humans, and only one will be approved for marketing in the United States.
D) Incorrect. According to some estimates, for every 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing, only five will continue on to clinical trials in humans, and only one will be approved for marketing in the United States.
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. A primary winding is a winding that is connected to a load. 2. Autotransformers can be used as step-up or step-down transformers. 3. Autotransformers cannot use multiple taps to provide different voltages. 4. The values of voltage and current for autotransformers can be determined by using standard transformer formulas. 5. In a Variac, the windings are wrapped around a tape-wound toroid core inside a plastic case.
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Why can't impedances in series in an AC circuit simply be added to find the total circuit impedance?
A) Because the total impedance is always lower than the lowest single impedance in a series circuit B) Because the currents through inductive, capacitive, and resistance loads in an AC circuit are out of phase with each other C) Because the impedance stays the same throughout a series circuit D) Because some of the impedance is lost through each load
A laser operates on the fundamental principle that a pumped medium amplifies a travelling light beam as it propagates through the medium. Without mirrors a laser becomes a single-pass travelling wave amplifier (Figure E.26.1).
This is a system without feedback. If we now place mirrors at each end of the pumped medium, we introduce feedback into the system.
When the gain of the medium becomes large enough the system oscillates creating a coherent output light beam. That is laser operation. If the gain of the medium is less that that required to sustain oscillation, the system is known as a regenerative travelling-wave amplifier (RTWA).
Let the electric field of a light beam incident on the RTWA from the left be the excitation of the system, Einc(s), and let the electric fields of the reflected light, Erefl (s), and the transmitted light,
Etrans (s), be the responses of the system (Figure E.26.3).
