Which of the following statements is true about observational learning?
A. Models who are rewarded for a behavior are more apt to be mimicked than are models who receive punishment.
B. Observing the punishment of a model necessarily stops observers from learning the model's behavior.
C. It primarily refers to learning a new behavior but not demonstrating until some incentive is provided for displaying it.
D. It mainly occurs as a result of prior reinforcement, as proposed by strict operant conditioning theorists.
Answer: A
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Suppose that you are reading an article about visual imagery. The researchers point out that experimenter expectancy might have influenced the results of this study. One example of this possibility would be:
a. the participants tried to ruin the researchers' results by refusing to follow directions. b. the participants tried to answer as quickly as possible, so they could leave early. c. the researchers' expectations could have influenced the participants' responses. d. the researchers used a heuristic when trying to explain the results of this study..
Traits are:
a. factors that create similarities between people b. stable predispositions to act in certain ways c. generally unpredictable across long periods of time d. maladaptive and unhealthy personality characteristics
Social rewards, such as recognition and approval, are used in conjunction with token economies to
a. increase the patient's reliance on the tokens. b. generalize the effect of token economies to "real world" situations. c. reduce the patient's dependence on reinforcement. d. increase the impact of primary reinforcement.
Rogers believed that it was imperative that the individual:
a. be true to himself or herself b. be true primarily to her friends c. be faithful to her parents d. be good to her teachers