The following statement is an example of which of the following?
There is no measurable difference in incidence of incarceration for adolescent children whose mothers work outside the home in comparison with those whose mothers do not work outside the home.
a. Null hypothesis
b. Confounding variable
c. Research objective
d. Research question
ANS: A
A hypothesis is a formal statement of the expected relationship or relationships between two or more variables in a specified population. The null hypothesis, also referred to as a statistical hypothesis, is used for statistical testing and interpretation of statistical outcomes. The null hypothesis can be simple or complex and associative or causal. The null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between two or more variables. Extraneous variables exist in all studies and can affect the measurement of study variables and the relationships among them. The extraneous variables that are not recognized until the study is in process, or that are recognized before the study is initiated but cannot be controlled, are referred to as confounding variables. Research objectives are clear, concise, declarative statements that are expressed in the present tense, focus on one or two variables (or concepts), and indicate whether the variables are to be identified or described. A research question is a concise, interrogative statement that is worded in the present tense and includes one or more variables (or concepts).
You might also like to view...
Which of the following patients is MOST likely to be experiencing a life-threatening opioid side effect?
a. Patient with respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min who is breathing deeply b. Patient with a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min who is snoring c. Patient with blood pressure of 150/75 mm Hg and heart rate of 102 beats/min d. Patient with a temperature of 100.5°F who is asleep but easily roused
A formal, detailed research proposal is written. Which of the following would be reasons that a researcher would write a detailed research proposal? (Select all that apply.)
a. It is submitted before a nurse manager performs a quality improvement review of compliance with a new IV start protocol. b. It is required by a thesis or dissertation committee. c. It is submitted to gain institutional review board approval. d. It is to be submitted for a funding grant. e. It is written to obtain support from one's peers for a study conducted in a hospital medical-surgical unit.
A number of patients on the unit are at risk for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The nurse would consider which patient at highest risk?
1. The patient who had oral surgery 2. The patient who has pneumonia 3. The patient with diabetes 4. The patient who had a hip replacement
The patient has been receiving escitalopram (Lexapro) for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Unknown to the nurse, the patient has also been self-medicating with St. John's wort. The patient comes to the office with symptoms of hyperthermia and diaphoresis. Which statement best describes the result of the nurse's assessment?
1. The patient is experiencing symptoms of St. John's wort toxicity, as the medication was most likely outdated. 2. The patient has contracted a viral infection. Escitalopram (Lexapro) and St. John's wort are safe to take together. 3. The patient has not been taking escitalopram (Lexapro) and is experiencing withdrawal. 4. The patient has combined two antidepressant medications and is experiencing serotonin syndrome.