What methods do scientists use to reconstruct both long-term and shorter term climate histories?

What will be an ideal response?


The primary methods for long-term reconstructions include ice core and ocean sediment analysis. Both are based on measuring isotopic ratios. For shorter-term reconstructions, methods such as dendrochronology (dendroclimatology), lake core sediments, pollen analysis, speleothems analysis, and coral analysis. Some of these methods will use radiocarbon dating techniques.

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

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Which of the following does NOT represent an exchange value?

A) U-Pick strawberries for $4 B) orange juice in the supermarket C) a salad eaten in a restaurant D) an orange picked and consumed E) apple pies for sale at a Farmers' Market

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

Archaea are found only in physically extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

Minimum insolation occurs in the middle latitude zone of the Southern Hemisphere on ____

a. March 21 b. June 21 c. September 22 d. December 21

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

In general, natural resources ________

A) should not be used B) belong only to those on whose property they exist C) should be used by everyone equally D) are evenly divided among all countries E) should be used efficiently and conserved

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences