Which one of the following is typically NOT associated with T cell immunodeficiencies?
A. Cancer
B. Viral infection
C. Autoimmunity
D. Infection with intracellular microbes
E. Infection with pyogenic bacteria
ANS: E. B cell, not T cell, immunodeficiencies are associated with increased incidence of infection with pyogenic bacteria. In contrast, increased incidence of cancer is most often seen in T cell immunodeficiencies, because T cells are critical for surveillance against oncogenic viruses and the tumors they cause. Defects in cell-mediated immunity lead to infection by viruses and other intracellular microbes. Interestingly, certain immunodeficiencies are associated with increased incidence of autoimmunity; the mechanism for this phenomenon may reflect a deficiency of regulatory T cells that normally serve to maintain self-tolerance.
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1. In high-output failure, the heart can weaken and the ventricle can fail. 2. In high-output failure, the heart is unable to fill with adequate amounts of blood. 3. In high-output failure, there is a lack of delivery of adequate oxygen to the tissues. 4. In high-output failure, there is a lack of sufficient blood to recirculate through the heart.
Refusing to wear a seatbelt because friends will tease you is an example of
A) a reinforcing factor. B) an enabling factor. C) a predisposing factor. D) a strategic factor.
In muscle healing, initially, there will be hemorrhage and edema followed almost immediately by:
A. Maturation of collagen fibers B. Fibrosis and scarring C. Proliferation of ground substance D. Phagocytosis to clear debris
Excessive fear of heights is known as:
A. hydrophobia. B. kleptomania. C. agoraphobia. D. acrophobia. E. photophobia.