The client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing exacerbation of the disease. The nurse would determine that which of the following documented in the client's record is an expected finding with this client?
1. Increased oxygen saturation with ambulation
2. Hyperinflation of lungs documented by chest x-ray
3. A widened diaphragm documented by chest x-ray
4. A shortened expiratory phase of the respiratory cycle
2
Rationale: The clinical manifestations of COPD are several, including hypoxemia; hypercapnia; dyspnea on exertion and at rest; oxygen desaturation with exercise; use of accessory respiratory muscles; and prolonged exhalation. Chest x-ray results indicate a hyperinflated chest and may indicate a flattened diaphragm if the disease is advanced.
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