Why is a springtime hole observed over the Antarctic but not usually over the Arctic?
What will be an ideal response?
The springtime hole results from a release of Cl from cloud surfaces as the clouds heat up. It does not occur in the Arctic because the polar vortex there is not as consistent, as it is broken up by atmospheric waves (gravity waves) generated by the passage of tropospheric winds over mountain chains. Hence, air in the Arctic winter stratosphere is periodically replaced by high-ozone, high-NOx air from lower latitudes. By contrast, air in the Antarctic winter stratosphere is isolated, and so odd nitrogen can be removed by PSC formation, allowing chlorine species to wreak their havoc on ozone.
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Longitudinal lines run parallel to the equator
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Ice storms occur when which of the following conditions prevail?
A) Rain drops circulate repeatedly above and below the freezing level in a cloud. B) Moist, cool air is adiabatically cooled to the freezing point. C) A cold front pushes warm, moist air to the freezing level in a cloud. D) A layer of warm air is between two layers of cold air.
Volcanoes and earthquakes
A. have few areas of overlap in their distributions on Earth. B. have many areas of overlap in their distributions on Earth. C. have no areas of overlap in their distributions on Earth.
Tsunami waves may move faster than ________.
A. P-waves B. S-waves C. 2000 mph D. a speeding bullet E. 800 km/hr