Which statement regarding chronic pain is true?
A. Physiologic adaptation occurs so that manifestations of tachycardia and elevated blood pressure are not present.
B. The person with chronic pain experiences local nerve adaptation so that the inten-sity of chronic pain diminishes over time.
C. Chronic pain allows for better psychosocial adaptation over time, and the client has a reduction in the perception of pain.
D. Morphine and morphine agonists are not effective for chronic pain because the cells involved in neuromodulation are no longer responsive.
A
The pain manifestations of tachycardia and increased blood pressure occur with acute pain as a result of activation of the stress response. The stress response uses much energy and is a relatively short-term response, with physiologic adaptation occurring over time. The absence of tachycardia or blood pressure changes in a client with chronic pain do not correlate to a decreased perception of intensity of pain.
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