A client is having severe, continuous discomfort from kidney stones. Based on the client's expe-rience, the nurse anticipates which of the following findings in the client's assessment?
1. Tachycardia
2. Diaphoresis
3. Pupil dilation
4. Nausea and vomiting
ANS: 4
Acute severe or deep pain, as with kidney stones, will cause a parasympathetic response. The cli-ent would likely exhibit nausea and vomiting. Tachycardia is a response of sympathetic stimula-tion, commonly seen with pain of low to moderate intensity and superficial pain. Diaphoresis is a response of sympathetic stimulation, commonly seen with pain of low to moderate intensity and superficial pain. Pupil dilation is a response of sympathetic stimulation, commonly seen with pain of low to moderate intensity and superficial pain.
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