What are the four Koch’s postulates in identifying pathogens that cause a particular disease? What will be an ideal response?


(1) the pathogen must be present in every individual with the disease, (2) a
sample of the microorganism taken from the diseased host can be grown in pure culture, (3) a
sample of the pure culture causes the same disease when injected into a healthy host, and (4)
the microorganism can be recovered from the experimentally infected host.

Biology & Microbiology

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How do ectothermic (cold-blooded) animals make use of water's temperature-stabilizing effects?

What will be an ideal response?

Biology & Microbiology

Analogous structures have

a. different functions but similar structures. b. similar functions but different structures. c. similar structures and similar functions. d. different structures and different functions. e. none of these

Biology & Microbiology

During carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion, the cell will increase its transport maximum if the concentration gradient is increased.

a. true b. false

Biology & Microbiology

Iodophors include ________.

A. chlorhexidine B. chloramines C. betadine D. alcohols E. tincture of iodine

Biology & Microbiology