_______________ can be defined as any physical acts that cause or can cause physical injury to a child.

a. Child parentification
b. Physical abuse
c. Psychological abuse
d. Child neglect


b. Physical abuse

Criminal Justice

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A critical incident is defined as having the potential to cause catastrophic loss of life

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement?

A. Potomac, Maryland B. Auburn, New York C. Trenton, New Jersey D. Cherry Hill, Pennsylvania

Criminal Justice

The U.S. Supreme Court decided in Tennessee v. Garner (1985) that:

a. police cannot shoot a fleeing suspect if he poses no imminent danger. b. suspects can be engaged with deadly force in the presence of bystanders who could possibly be harmed. c. lethal force can be applied against non-dangerous criminal suspects. d. lethal force is permitted against misdemeanor offenders.

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is not an argument in favor of probation?

a. Probation allows the court to tailor a program to each juvenile offender. b. For youths who can be supervised in the community, probation represents an appropriate disposition. c. Probation is often the disposition of choice, particularly for status offenders. d. The justice system continues to have confidence in deterrence and accommodates for legal controls and public protection.

Criminal Justice