The Mitchell River catchment in Tropical North Queensland, Australia, spans 73,230 km2 across the base of Cape York Peninsula. It incorporates five major river systems: the Mitchell, Alice, Palmer, Walsh and Lynd. The Mitchell catchment is the largest watershed in Queensland in terms of average annual run-off, with a mean discharge of 11,300,000 megaliters (ML). The climate is tropical and monsoonal with the mean annual rainfall of approximately 1,000 mm, with most precipitation occurring from November to April. Annual evapotranspiration rates in the region are approximately 800 mm. There are several dams within the watershed, with a total storage in all the dams of 425,779 ML. The population within the catchment is about 7,500 people. Springs and waterholes represent most of the
permanent water in the far east of the catchment. Permanent running water in the far east is associated only with the areas close to the rainforested wet tropics area. The majority of the catchment groundwater is within the Great Artesian Groundwater Province. A significant portion of this is overlain by the Karumba basin, which occurs to the West Coast. This basin is the only feasible Water supply in the area. The average water withdraw from groundwater in the watershed is 55, 229 ML. The quality of the groundwater in these provinces varies from excellent to saline. No sustainable yield studies are available for this area. A Water Management Plan is currently being developed for the Mitchell catchment. To assist the watershed management association, you have been asked to provide the following information:
a. Write the water budget equation.
b. Show the volume of water available each year for each term in the water budget equation in units of m3.
c. Compare the infiltration rate to the average withdraws of water in the watershed. Is this use sustainable?
What will be an ideal response?
a. Write the water budget equation.
???? = ???????? +???? +???? +????
???? = 1,000 mm from Figure 3.19
???????? = 800 mm from Figure 3.13
???? = 11,300,000 ML
???? = 425,779 ML
b. Show the volume of water available each year for each term in the water budget equation in units of m3.
c. Compare the infiltration rate to the average withdraws of water in the watershed. Is this use sustainable?
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