Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) performed a famous experiment on cognitive dissonance in which subjects were asked to lie to a fellow student (about how fun a psychology experiment was) for either $1 or $20 . For subjects in the $1 condition, dissonance was created because these subjects thought to themselves: "I am a nice, ethical person, but I have just been mean and told a lie." It appears that
the $1 subjects were ultimately able to reduce this dissonance by thinking to themselves: ____.
a. "I did not really tell a lie because the experiment was not that boring. In fact, the more I think about it, the more I think that it was kind of fun!"
b. "I know I told that person a lie. But so what? There are bigger problems in this world!!"
c. "Lying is a terrible thing. I swear that I will never do it again."
d. "Whatever! I got $1 for doing almost nothing! Good deal!!"
A
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All of the following women are 50 years old and have similar health histories. Which of them is at highest risk of dying from coronary heart disease?
a. Naomi, who is always on the go b. Nancy, who is content in her life c. Nina, who suffers from major depression d. Nora, who works hard and plays hard
Terms such as boy, girl, mommy, daddy, aunt, and uncle are examples of
a. sex-role stereotypes. b. gender bias. c. sex-role standards. d. gender labels.
According to fulfillment theory, psychological growth is accomplished through what mechanism?
a. Family trajectory convergence b. Avoidance of risk to promote resiliency c. Setting goals and achieving them d. Cohort involvement
Which of the following is an example of projection?
A. A man is angry with his wife, so he yells at his employee. B. A man denies that he is angry with his wife. C. A man is angry with his wife, but says that she is the one who is angry. D. A man makes up excuses for why he is angry with his wife.