Toxicants that cause harm by triggering over activation of the immune system are called ___.
a. neurotoxins
b. teratogens
c. allergens
d. antibiotics
Answer: c. allergens
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In alcoholic fermentation, _____ is the final acceptor of electrons
a. oxygen c. acetaldehyde b. pyruvate d. sulfate
In a natural community, the primary consumers are ____
a. herbivores b. carnivores c. detritivores d. decomposers e. producers
The diarrhea associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the result of:
A. Plasmid-mediated invasion and destruction of epithelial cells lining colon B. Mediated by cytotoxic Shiga toxins (STx-1, STx-2), which disrupt protein synthesis C. Plasmid-c, heat-stable and/or heat-labile enterotoxins that stimulate hypersecretion of fluids and electrolytes D. Plasmid-mediated A/E histopathology with disruption of normal microvillus structure resulting inmalabsorption and diarrhea
Most vertebrates maintain homeostasis in regard to the total solute concentrations of their extracellular fluids and the concentrations of specific inorganic ions. The kidneys participate in regulating the extracellular fluid concentration of all ions below except
A. Ca2+ ions. B. Na+ ions. C. K+ ions. D. Fe2+ ions. E. Cl- ions.