The nurse is aware that physiological changes associated with pain in the infant include which finding(s)?
a. Increased blood pressure and decreased arterial saturation
b. Decreased blood pressure and increased arterial saturation
c. Increased urine output and increased heart rate
d. Decreased urine output and increased blood pressure
A
Increased blood pressure and heart rate and decreased arterial saturation are physiological responses to pain in the neonate. An increase in blood pressure and a decrease in arterial saturation are documented when the neonate is feeling pain. Although an increase in heart rate is associated with pain and an increase in blood pressure occurs with pain, urine output changes have not been associated with pain.
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