Amplification is an important characteristic of signal transduction pathways involving surface
receptors. What is amplification and how is it accomplished in the cell?
What will be an ideal response?
Amplification is an increase in the magnitude of each step in a signal transduction pathway.
Amplification occurs because many of the proteins that carry out individual steps in the pathway are
enzymes. Once activated, each enzyme can activate hundreds or thousands of proteins in the signal
transduction cascade.
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Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell?
A. nuclear envelope B. Golgi apparatus C. vesicles D. All of the answer options are correct.
In influenza virus, antigenic shift
A. results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell. B. can result in major epidemics or pandemics. C. results from the accumulation of mutations in HA and NA in a single strain of flu virus. D. results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell and can result in major epidemics or pandemics.
The bacterial cells can be distinguished from rice plant cells because bacterial cells do not
have __________.
a. cell walls b. membrane-bound organelles c. genetic material d. cell membranes
The main regulator of calcium blood levels is
a. the parathyroid glands. b. the thyroid glands. c. the hypothalamus. d. the anterior pituitary gland. e. the posterior pituitary gland