What is the primary cause of RDS in the newborn?
a. Underdevelopment of alveolar type I cells
b. Deficiency or abnormality of pulmonary surfactant
c. Hypoxia causing pulmonary hypoperfusion
d. Excessive amniotic fluid in the lungs
B
RDS is caused by the abnormality or deficiency of pulmonary surfactant from the alveolar type II cells. It is most likely that pulmonary hypoperfusion is a secondary response to the surfactant abnormality and related hypoxia. Alveolar type I cells allow for easy gas exchange and do not produce surfactant. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is caused by the delayed absorption of fetal amniotic lung fluid.
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