The condition in which a valve that should be open remains partially closed is
a. stenosis. c. prosthesis.
b. regurgitation. d. normal.
A
Stenosis occurs when a valve that should be open remains partially closed. It produces an increased afterload, or pressure overload. Some causes of stenosis are rheumatic fever, congenital defects of the valves, or calcification caused by aging. Regurgitation or insufficiency occurs when a valve that should be closed remains partially open. An insufficient valve causes volume overload, or increased preload. Regurgitation frequently results from the effects of rheumatic fever and congenital defects of the valves. Prosthetic heart valves produce abnormal heart sounds. Sometimes mechanical prosthetic valve sounds can be heard without a stethoscope.
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