What factors prevented Egypt from industrializing, despite two strongly supported attempts?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

A. Prevention of Egyptian industrialization
1. French officials saw opportunities for industrialization
a. opened factories for guns, gunpowder, food, and beer
2. brought in the services of Western, mostly French, experts to start cotton
mills, munitions factories, steelworks, shipyards, a printing press
3. Britain hindered industrialization
a. Britain forced Egypt to abandon protective tariffs
b. Egyptian cotton industry dwindled
c. became a major exporter of cash crops—sugar cane and raw cotton
4. continuous irrigation was required to force the extra output from the land
5. peasants were impoverished and overburdened
6. opportunity to modernize on the Western European model slipped out of
Egypt's grasp
7. faithfulness to Western models did not sustain industrialization
a. borrowed money at outrageous interest from European bankers
b. built docks, sugar mills, an opera house, a school for girls, Suez Canal
c. extravagance bankrupted the state
1. Egypt's revenue was assigned to repay foreign debts
2. foreign bureaucrats arrived to manage the country's finances
and armed forces
3. British occupation
a. Egypt became, in effect, a British dependency with a
puppet government