Does the data on butterfly larval survival (shown below) by itself conclusively show that imperial blue but-terflies and Iridomyrmex ants engage in an overall mutualistic and not an antagonistic relationship?
a. Yes, the decreased mortality in the presence of ants provides a tremendous fitness gain for the ants.
b. Yes, larvae need to survive in order to reproduce.
c. No, the decrease in survival can be easily compensated by the high reproductive rate of the cat-erpillars.
d. No, the gain in fitness through increased survival may be offset by a decrease in reproduction due to the secretion provided to the ants.
D
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