Miguel struggled in math throughout his education but heard a motivational speaker say, "If you are confident you can achieve anything." He then decided not to study for his SAT exam because he only needed to believe in himself and have complete confidence that he would succeed. Is he likely to be successful with this approach?

A. No, because overconfidence is associated with poorer performance.
B. No, because self-confidence is not related to performance on tests of intelligence.
C. Yes, because overconfidence is associated with improved cognitive abilities.
D. Yes, because studying does not improve any aspects of intelligence.


Answer: A

Psychology

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