List three ways in which the process of eukaryotic transcription differs from the process of bacterial transcription
What will be an ideal response?
Any three of the following are acceptable.
1. Bacterial cells contain a single RNA polymerase, whereas eukaryotic cells have three.
2. Bacterial RNA polymerase can initiate transcription without the help of additional proteins, whereas eukaryotic RNA polymerases need general transcription factors.
3. In eukaryotic cells, transcription regulators can influence transcriptional initiation thousands of nucleotides away from the promoter, whereas bacterial regulatory sequences are very close to the promoter.
4. Eukaryotic transcription is affected by chromatin structure and nucleosomes, whereas bacteria lack nucleosomes.
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When Dr. Schmidt-Nielsen and his colleagues followed a "pulse" of 100% inhaled oxygen through the respiratory system of an ostrich, the oxygen pulse went to the
A. posterior air sacs to the lung and then to the anterior air sacs before being exhaled. B. anterior air sacs to the lung and then to the posterior air sacs before being exhaled. C. lung and then to the anterior air sacs and finally the posterior air sacs before being exhaled. D. lung and then to the posterior air sacs and finally the anterior air sacs before being exhaled. E. lung and then back out with exhalation—the air sacs were not involved.
Which of the following observations did not influence Darwin's later thoughts about evolution?
a. The discovery of fossils that resembled extant organisms in the same region. b. The observation that animals from similar habitats in South America and Europe were very different. c. A great variety of species exist across the globe. d. Species on islands differed from species on the mainland closest to the island. e. North American and South American species were more similar to each other than European and African species.
Which of the following statements is FALSE
about energy in molecules?
a. Chemical bonds in molecules contain energy. b. Reactants always have less energy than products. c. Some molecules contain more energy than others. d. Molecules release energy when they react with oxygen. e. When broken, chemical bonds release energy.
Which of the following explains how phloem sap moves within a plant?
A) cohesion-tension mechanism B) gravity pulls the phloem sap down C) pressure-flow mechanism D) transpiration